Layout machine



y 1945- E. D. BROWNING 2,403,633 LAY-our MACHINE Filed Nov. '25, 1.942 s Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR. [ow/N 0. Bean mus rron/van.

Jul); ,1946. E. D; BROWNING 7 2,403,633

I LAY-OUT MACHINE Filed Nov. 25, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Q. Q a Jaw. a a

' INVENTOR;

EDWIN 0.

Bea W/V/NG V Patented July 9, 1946 *vLsT -T' s OFFICE amasse a LAYOUT MACHlNE I Edwin D; Browning, Alameda, Calif. 7) Application November 25, 1942, seria1 9. 466,836

3 Claims. (01; 33-76) can be geared to any degree of fineness and which accurately measures every movement ofan 111+ strument'in any direction aS'the movement is made over 'a" work-piece or drafting board, as well as enabling the'user of the device to check back to a starting point or any other point.

, A still further object of my invention is w mmaking various devices, machines, partsthereof,

tools and the. like as well aspat ns r die-casting and like Work. While 'most of thisdrafting workfhasbeen doneon suitable drawing paper, tracing paper and thelike, it1 also has becomea generalv practice to ascribe patternsxor'lay-outs directly upon work stock tbyimeans 'ofqsuitable chalk, crayon or steel markings .thusproviding ventionj' asidefinedin the;appended claimsfcan vide a device of the indicated natur which can serve as a tool or work unit guide and conveyor in the directproduction of any desired part of a machine, device-orporticn of equipment. Y

Qtherobjects of the invention, together with some of the -advantageousfeatures thereof, will appear from th following description of apreferred and one modified embodiment" of them ventionwhich are illustrated in the accompanyuides directly upon the work stock for a tool,

such as'a drill, a cutter, or similar device, to fo 1-' low in producing a given part orparts from such stock. V'Ihe foregoing practices are somewhat disadvantageous for rapidproduction; and are timetconsuming. Moreover; such practices require separate handling of T squares, triangles, protractors as well as various" and" numerous other individual or separate instruments of corn mon drafting paraphernalia; j n t 1 A primary object .of my present invention is to provide aunitary; compact improved lay-out machine which can readily be employed {by the skilled and unskilled alike for the preparation of patterns or Working drawings to any scale desired. 7' Anotherobject of my'invention' is to provide a machine of the indicated nature which is furth'ercharacterized by its function of being readily usable in conjunction with other tools or equipment for directly producing parts of devices,'-t0o1s or machines from work stock or work pieces.

A stillfurther object of the'present invention is to provide a lay-out device. of the aforementioned character which is capable of making layouts onadjacent surfaces in different planes. flf'A still further object of my improvement is to providea 'device of the indicatednature which is additionally characterized by its capability of measuring angular relationships as well as linear distances between points on adjacent surfaces, in differentplanesf j 7 ff'Another' object of the inventiqn is to provide a mg drawings. -It is to beunderstoodyhowever, that'I' am not 'to be limited to the precise-embodiments; shown, nor to the precise arran e:

ment of the several elements thereof, as-myin- '-R,e fe rri'ng to the drawingsi 1 I I V Figure 1 is a fraginentaryi 'lan view-of a pref ferred embodiment of my inventionas applied be embodied, in a plurality and variety of forms-L to a drafting boardor a work-piece.

' Figure 2'is an enlarged, fragmentary view ofth'e preferred embodiment'of my invention, this'view being taken on the line 22 of Figure-1; Figure 3 is an enlarged, fragmentary view-era portion of the preferred embodiment of the 'vention. 9 I Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the preferred embodiment of the invention, this view being takenlon the line 4 4-o'f.Figure 3.

" Y Figure 5 is a-view similar to Figure 4' but taken on the line 5 -5 of Figure 3.

Figure 6 is another view similar'to Figure-4-but taken on thellne6'6-of Figure 3; 3

Figure 7 isan enlarged, fragmentary plan view illustrating' an adjustment andsetscrew mechanism formingfaportion of the preferred einbodiment of my invention. 1 l Figure 8 is a plan view of a modified em bo -ment of the present invention. v

Figure 9 san enlarged, broken elevational view of certain elements of the modified embodiment V of my present invention Figure 10 iS a-Iragmentary, sectional eleva tional view depicting the; mounting of certain e'le' ments of the modified embodiment of my inven tion shownin Figure '8 9 w j its preferred }form-, =the lay out machine' of my present invention preferably comprises abase q vlce :91 he t mset o eiP und wh ch 91% i ne -1 i swi ma1 ypa t While the machine of my present invention can be efficaciously employed, as indicate d,above 4 able stops 22a are provided within and at each end of the recess 22 to limit the movement of the T-square in both directions.

In accordance with my invention, means are provided for enabling the ready ascertainment of the relationship between center line on the drafting paper made with the T-square and a pencil or ruling pen, as well as for measuring the linear distance, either ,in inches or. units of the metric system; between two or more of such lines or the full linear distance travelled in either dij rection by the T-square as it is moved. To this for making patterns directly from a suitable work-piece, or for producing-parts or toolsor-devices directly from work-pieces when used with2 requisite tools, such as cutters, saws, drills, burners, and the like the machine of the present,

mlventio'nlfis equally suitable'and' has beendevised fora a n, making {working drawings, plans and designson drafting'paper and in connection with adr ing board. Accordingly; Ihave illustrated the mac no, and shall describe the same in the latter environment, forpurpo'ses, of simplicity" and explanation.

As particularly illustrated in Figure) of the, ts in gs, the-preferred embodiment of my inven-' tion includes meansfor' removably supportinglthe machine in spaced relationship with respect to a drawing board. While any 'suitable means may be employed for this purpose, I preferably proend, Iprovide a specially formed tongue 25 on the T-s'quare which extends, as in standard T- squares; atriglrt angles to the head 23 and which serves the, dual function of supporting the means formeasuri'ng the distances travelled transversely of the drawing board IE, or work-piece, by the T-square and of supporting a turn-table holder for permitting, longitudinal movement of the turn-table holderv across, the drawing'jboard I 5 or workrpiece, as hereinafterexplained. As par,- ticularly shown in Figure 2 of the drawingscne. end'of the t'OhgueQZE of the ,T square 24extends over the base strip ligand a cabinet or housing 26 is fastened to such, extendedendofthe tongue 25 to depend therefrom. Journaled in the cabinet 26' is apin 21 on the. lower end of which the gear i9 is secured'for meshing engagement with the rack 22 mounted in the groove. 18 of the base strip ll. Onthe upper end of the pin 21 T provide a circular 'plate'2'8 upon which is mounted,

. for rotation relativeto the plate'as welljas rotaa vide, basel strip It which can be fabricated of I metal, wood or plastic material; and which is adapted'tobe detachably fastened bymeansof a plate. and. counter-sunk screws l2 to and'along side one, end l l; of a drawing board, [5; Ifithe drafting work to be done requires. the'm'akings of drawings upon, a plural ityof adjacent surfaces in, diiierent planes, different; sizes of blocks, not

7 shown, may be interposed betweenthe. base, strip LI- and theend of the: drawing" board for holding; the base strip and its associated elements, at x a desired elevat on, with respect to the boardand; hence,-,w i threspect to adjacent surfaces in several different planes, However, if the drawing is to fiat s ur,face, as is customarihsuch pleyed and the basefst rip ll, is fastened; directly to, the end of the, board so that the upper surface l6 of the base H is substan tiallyv flush with ;the. upper surface 11 of. the drawing board.. ,As shown, the base stripfll preferably is formed witha transversely extending, relatively, widegroove, l8 therein, for accommodating a gear l9. whichv is supported for meshing and rolling engagementwitha, rack 2| secured within the base strip ll at one side of thegroqveg 1.8-. In addition, basev strip, isso formed astoprovide therein a transverely extendingrecess for snugly yet slidably receivingthe head; 23 of a T-square, the latter being designated. generally by the referencenumeral. 24. The fact. that the upper surface Id of, the base strip H is'supported; substantially flush withthe upper surface I] of'the'drawing board l5 brings the'supported T-square slightly above thetop surface of the board; permitting the slipping of a sheet ofdraftiane'e r, not o a le the -ls u e th fastening, of the same by suitable thumb-tacks or tape to the drawing board. With theheadzs of h ?r q are s gl se s dab m t l t ri ge s 2.2- fhea ev st ip 1 l-,, i s l ar; that e TB-sauecamhe anua ly, mov t ,Wi 1 l.t ans= versely with respect to the drawing board. Suitb ck; islhf t tiontherewith,ameasuring disc 29, havingazem point 39' delineated thereon for aligning the disc whenever, desiredvwith apointer 3| fastened to the upper surface .of the T-square at the transverseflcenterof, the tongue, 25"there'of1 See, in this connection, Figure] 1' of, the drawings. In additiongto the zero point 39,, the measuring disc Z9lis delineatedwitha series of circumferentially 'arrangedmarkings 32, designating; either fractions of a, footor' fractions ofja meter, depending uponwhether the ,deviceisto be used" in, countries employin'gvthe metric system, or isjfto, be used in this country; It is to befunderstood that the pitch circumference ofthe'gear [9 is made. equal to, an inch, or, corresponding" divisionof a similar unit of the. metric system, and the. relationship between gear 19' and the: disc 29 is'such that each revolution ofv the gear l9 'aswell as of the. disc 29 automatically measures the linear. distance, say one inch, travelled by the T-s'quare 2'4Ias it isv moved manuallytransversely' with respect to the drawing. board i5j In this connection, it is further to be understood that the fractional markings 32 on the upperface of disc,29 can be either. infhundredths, hinety-sixths, sixty-fourths, thi ty-lse dnds, sixteenths or any other fractional division of an inch, or inv fractionalunits ofthe metric system. Moreover, that. a series of interchangeablejmeasuring discs 29, carrying different fractional markings 32, may be provided so, that any selected one of'such series of interchangeable measuring discs 29 can, be mountedjon. plate, 228 for rotation therewith, in response to the, rotation of the, pin., 2.1 as itfis rotated, by the rolling of gear, i9, along, the rack, 22, as the T-square. is manually moved across theboard. 1, v In accordance, with inventiomthe'tonguefi of the T-square is formed with aelongitudin'ally extending recess 33 therein for snuglyyetis idably receiving, adepending strip, 34 fastened, by any suitableImeans, Isucha'sscrews 34mm the under side of a turn tabl holder3'5, all asdepicted in 5 Figure l of the drawings. By this mounting, as in the case of the-head 23 of the T.-square' on the base strip I, the turn t'able holder 35 may be manually moved at will longitudinally across the board |5"or' any work-piece in connectioniwith which the lay-out machine is employed; it being understood that such mounting supports the turn-table holder 35 sli-ghtly above the upper surface of the drawing board so that a sheet of drafting paper maybe interposed between the turn-table holder and-the board-and fastened to the latter by suitable thumb-tacks or tape. Suit able stops 35a are disposed in the recess .33. at opposite ends thereof to limit the .alengthwise movement of the turn-tableholder 35. x'Means are'provided, in association with theitongue 25 of the T-square,- for measuring the linear distance that the turn-table holder 35 travels as'it is moved manually by the user'of the device'to and fro lengthwise of. the underlying drawing board I5. I preferably utilize for this purpose substantially'similar means as described above for measuring the linear distance travelled by the T-squ'a're transversely of the drawing board and to this end a, cabinet or housing 36 is fastened at one side of the T-square tongue 25 and depends therefrom; the cabinet serving as a means for rotatably mounting a pin 36a to the lower end of which is secured a gear 31 so disposed .as to hem meshing and rolling engagement with a rack 38 which is secured at one side of a longitudinally extending groove 39 formed in the T square tongue. The gear 37 and rack 38 are shown in dotted lines in Figure l of the drawings. In addition to the foregoing elements, the mease uring means for automatically ascertaining the lengthwise movement of the turn-table holder 35 as the movement is made include a circular plate v40 secured to the upper end of the pin 36a together with a measuring disc 4| which not only is rotatable with the plate 40 when the pin 36a rotates in response to the rolling of gear'3| along rack 38 but also is adjustablerelative to the circular plate 40 so that other discs may be interchanged for any other similar measuring disc 4|, whenever desired. While not shown in Figure 1, the disc 4| carries delineations, similar to they delineations of the measuring "disc 29, including a zero point for aligning the disc 4| with a. pointer 42 fastened to theuppersurfaoe of the tongue 25 as well as fractional divisions ofa unit of the 'metricsystem or of an inch, as desired. It is to be understood that the pitch circumference of the gear 31 is made to one inch or any corresponding length of the metric system, so that each revolution of the gear 3! and a corresponding or responsive single revolution of the measuring disc 4| indicates a linear unit distance travelled by theturn-table'holder 35'as it is manually moved to and fro across the drawing board l5. 1' '1' conveniently delineate a linear scale 25a, di-

vided into inches or equivalent fractions of the metric system, as desired, on the upper surface of the tongue 25 adjacent one edge thereof to assist the user of the device in making drawings upon'the underlying drafting paper, not shown,

or work-piece.

1 In addition to the foregoing elements, the improved layout machine of my present invention includes a turn-table 44 which is rotatably mounted in the turn-table holder 35 and which preferably is marked With suitable delineations indicating one point or=all points'of the compass as guides for the user of the device, all as depicted in-Figure f the drawings. -The turn-table 44 is somounted that its periphery fits under the inner edge of a protractor ring 45 which preferably is fabricated of metal and which is securely fastened by means of suitable screws and washers to the turn-table holder 35. The protractor ring 45 is of the conventional type having a standard scale with fractional divisions delineated upon its upper surface adjacent to its periphery, as shown in Figure 1. In order to afford precision work, a suitable block upon which avernier scale 43 is delineated is fastened to the turn-table 44 for reading the Vernier scale in conjunction with the scale of the protractor 45. .As particularly shown erence numeral 48 in Figures 1 to 6 inclusive of the, drawings, having a drawing edge 49 thereon adjacent to the opening 41; such drawing edge 49 preferably being fabricated of plastic material. The caliper frame is securely mounted on the upper surface of the-turn-table 44 and is so constructed as to provide a pair of movably mounted calipers including two caliper wings 5| and 52 which extend over the opening 41 and which are bent downwardly, asshown in Figure 5 of the drawings, so as closelyito. overlie the drafting paperon drawing board I 5, or a work-piece as the case may be.

In accordance with my invention, and as particularly illustrated in Figures 3170 6 inclusive of the drawings,.substantially the same means are provided for movably. mounting the pair of calipers as the means described above for mounting the T-square head 23 and the turn-table holder 35. To this end, oppositely extending strips 53 and 54 are fastened to the under sides of the caliper wings 5| and'52, respectively, so that strip 53 extends underneath the Wing 52 while the strip 154 extends underneath the opposite wing 5|.

"-a'chamber 51, see Figure 6, for housing a gear "lib 58 which is secured on thelower end of a pin 59 ournaled in the caliper body 48, such gear being so disposed as to be in meshing engagement with a pair of racks 6| and 62 which are mounted on the strips 53 and 54, respectively, on the sides thereof adjacent to the gear 58. In the same manner as provided for measuring the linear distances travelled transversely of the drawing board |5 by the T-square and the linear distance travelled longitudinally of the board by the turntable holder 35, the caliper assembly is provided with means for measuring the linear distance travelled by the calipers in each direction as they are moved to. and fro within the confines of the turn-table 44 and-protractor ring 45. To this end,

'a circular plate 63 is securely fastened to the upper end of the pin .59, and a measuring disc 64 is adjustably fastened on top of the plate "63 so that the disc rotates, when fixed to the plate 63,-with the pin 59 as it rotates in responseto the movement of racks 6| and 62 back and forth with the movement of the strips 53 and 54. The

adjustable mounting of measuring disc .64 on plate 63 is to afford interchangeability of discs of the same dimensions but carrying different fractional divisions of a unit of measurement. It is to be understood that the pitch circumference of gear 58 is made to a desired length, say one inch or corresponding division of the metric system, and that the pitch dimension of measuring disc 64 is such that a single revolution of the gear and disc'affords automatic measurement of the linear distance travelled by the wings of the calipers in both directions as the movements are made. Accordingly, and as in the case of the measuring disc 29 and II, a zero point as well as fractional divisions of a unit of measurement are delineated upon the upper surface of disc 64, such fractional divisions being made, as desired, in hundredths, ninety-sixths, sixty-fourths, thirtyseconds, sixteenths or other divisions of an inch or of a unit of the metric system, as desired. The zero point of the disc 64, because of the adjustable mounting of the disc on the plate 63, can readily be brought at any time into alignment with a pointer 65 secured to the upper surface of the caliper frame 48. In view of the described mounting of the calipers upon the turn-table 44, which rotates within the stationary protractor ring 45, it is clear that angular relationships between all lines drawn upon an underlying sheet of drafting paper in conjunction with the calipers can be accurately measured by the protractor ring and the associated Vernier scale 4%. Moreover, the slidable mounting of the calipers in the assembly mounted on the turn-table 44, and the provision of the measuring disc 64 which moves in response to the movement of the strips 53 and 54 with their racks 6| and B2, affords accurate measurement of the linear distance travelled by the calipers in both directions as they are manually moved by the user of the device within the confines of the protractor ring 45. A suitable scale, not shown, but similar to the scale 25a on the tongue 25 of the T-square, may be delineated on the upper surface of the caliper frame 48 adjacent to the ruling edge 49 thereof as a convenience for the user of the machine. It is clear also that the edges of the wings 5| and 52 of the calipers can be utilized as guides in making drawings or plans on an underlying sheet of drafting paper, or upon a work-piece as the case may be.

As illustrated in the enlarged view of Figure '7 of the drawings, I provide means for holding the turn-table 44 in any selected one of a plurality of adjustable positions as well as for enabling precision adjustments thereof with respect to the ring 45. To this end, the turn-table holder 35 is suitably recessed for receiving a set-screw 66 and a movable adjustment member 61, the latter preferably being fabricated of metal and having an edge 68 of rubber which bears against the periphery of the turn-table 44, when urged against the same by the movement of the setscrew 66. As shown, the set-screw 66 is threaded at one end thereof for receiving a thumb-nut 69 whereby the set-screw may be moved a relatively short distance in both directions longitudinally. The other end of the set-screw 6-6 is bifurcated to provide two legs 1| and 12 each of which supports in its outer end a ball bearing 13 and 14, respectively, which bear against the inner surface of a cross-piece I6 joining two legs 11 and 18 of the U-shaped movable adjustment member 61. When the thumb-nut 69 is rotated in one direction, the ball bearings I3 and I4 bear against the inner surface of crosspiece 16 of adjustment member 61 to. urge the rubber edge 68 thereof against the periphery of turn-table 44, underneath the protractor 45, and frictionally hold the same against rotation. However, rotation of the thumb-nut 69 in the opposite direction withdraws the rubber edge 68 of the adjustment member 61 from the periphcry of the turn-table and the. latter can then be freely rotated. To afford precision adju tment of the turn-table with respect to the protractor ring 45, I provide a thumb-nut I9 rotatably mounted on a screw 8| which spans the legs 11 and 18 of the adjustment member ,61. Rotation of thumb-nut 19 in one direction draws the adjustment member 61 slightly in one direction to turn the tum-table 44 slightly, while rotation of thumb-nut T9 in the opposite direction effects slight rotation of the turn-table 44 in the opposite direction. g

In Figures 8 to 10 inclusive of the annexed drawings I have illustrated a modified embodiment of the present invention which, in general, comprises a unitary drawing board and lay-out machine combination. As shown, I provide a drawing board H5, preferably fabricated of wood, and mount thereon for slidable movement transversely of the boarda T-square including a specially formed tongue thereon. The slidable mountin of the T-square preferably is accomplished by forming a relatively narrow recess therein for receiving the head of the. T-square in the same manner as mounting the T-square of the preferred embodiment of the invent on Likewise, the modified embodiment of Figures 8 to 10 inclusive includes substantially the same means for accurately measuring the distances travelled by the T-square as the means employed in the preferred embodiment. To this end, a relatively wide transversely extending groove H8 is formed in the drawing board adjacent to one side thereof, such groove bein of sufiicient width to accommodate a gear H9 which is so disposed as to mesh with and rollalong a track l2! secured within groove H8. In addition, a relatively narrow recess I22 is formed in the board H5 substantially parallel to and alongside of groove H8 for .slidably yet snugly receiving the head I23 of a T-square I24 which includes a tongue I25 extending at a, right angle to the head and which overlies the draft ing board with sufficient space therebetween vto per nit. the sliding of a sheet of drafting paper under the tongue for attachment to the board.

As' in the case of the preferred embodiment of the invention, the modification of Figures 8 to 10 inclusive is provided with means for accurately and automatically measuring the linear distance travelled by the T-square as it is manually moved to and fro transversely of the drawing =board, thus furnishing the user of the device with the distances between center points and lines made on the drawing paper. As shown, a cabinet or housing I26 is fastened to one end of the tongue I25 of the T-square and dep nds therefrom, the cabinet serving as a means for rotatably mounting a pin I21 to the lower end of which the gear H9 is fastened andso' disposed as to be in meshing engagement with the rack I2I. On the upper end of pin I21 there is mounted a circular plate I28 upon which is adjustably mounted a replaceable measuring disc I29, the latter disc carrying similar delineations as the measuring disc 29 of the preferred embodiment of the invention; it being understood that anyselected one of a plurality of interchan e able disc I29 can be employedwiththe.device and, thateach measuring disc; carries difierent pitch-circumferencev of the gear I I9 is. made to r a predetermined length, say one inch or.a-cors responding unit of the metric systemyso that upon each revolution thereof, as well aseach revolution of the measuring disc I29 in responsev to the movement of. the gear, measures the linear distance in inches or in units of the metric system, that the T-square is moved in either direction transversely ofthe drawing board. Suitable stops I22a are disposed in the recess I22 at opposite ends thereof to limit the travel of the T-square.

Similarly, the T-square tongue I25 is provided with means for accurately and automatically measuring distances between center points and lines longitudinally of the drawing board H5. To this end, the tongue I25 movably supports a housing or cabinet I25. which includes an arm I 26a extending transversely across the tongue and which serves as a means for rotatably mounting a pin I36a as well as for housing a gear I31 secured to the lower end of pin I3Ba and so disposed as to be in meshing and rolling engagement with a rack I38 mounted within a longitudinally extending groove I39 formed in the T-square tongue. The arrangement is such, therefore, that the cabinet arm I26a with its mounted elements is movable manually longitudinally of the drawing board with respect to the tongue I25 or to and fro across the board. On the upper end of the pin I36a I fasten a circular plate I40 for adjustably supporting a measuring disc MI thereon. The plate I40 and disc I4I, including fractional markings on the latter, not shown, are in 10 barrel I52 supports a shank;I5T having a knurled head I58 thereon to facilitate turning of the pene cil manually whenever desired to extrude the lead. The sleeve I53 is grooved externally to provide, in effect, a pulley I591 around which is trained a cord I6I which is adiustably fastened to opposed standards I62 and IE3 affixed toopposite ends-of the T-square tongue ,I 25. By this mounting of the pencil and the provision of the pulley and cord, the pencil is rotatable toraffordv the maintenance. of a sharp point thereon-at all times. r w i- As in the case of the preferred embodiment of the invention, the modification 'of--;Fi'gures"8 to 10 inclusive iincludes similar mea'ns for holding the: turn-tabled 44 inany'zselected one of'a plurality' of positions and to enable precision ad"- J'ustments thereof relative to the encircling protractor ring I45. These means are in all respects the same as those illustrated in Figure 7 of the drawings and the details are therefore not shown in Figure 8, it being deemed sufficient to depict only the thumb-nuts I69 and H9 of such setscrew and adjustment means. I

This modified embodiment, being a unitary structure including a drawing board and inserted turn-table, is usable to nearly the same effect as the preferred embodimentof the invention. The drafting paper I55, being fastened to the top of the turn-table I44, is of course movable therewith to any desired position relative to the T- square tongue I25, and the T-square, per 'se, is movable manually transversely of the drawing board. The use of the pencil I5I in conjunction with the edge of the tongue of the T-square, the turn-table I44 and protractor ring I45, enables the making of drawings with lines running at any desired angular relationship with one another I on the underlying drafting paper I50. And it is all respects similar to the circular plate 40 and measuring disc 4| of the preferred embodiment of the invention described above and detailed explanation of the disc MI is not required other than to state that-a zero point on the disc is provided for aligning the disc whenever desired with a pointer I42 conveniently secured on the upper surface of the arm I251: of the housing I26.

In accordance with the modification of the present invention, a turn-table I44 is rotatably mounted directly on the drawing board H5 and hence, is not shiftable longitudinally on the T- square tongue as in the case of the preferred embodiment of the invention. As depicted in Figure 10, the periphery of the turn-table fits under a protractor ring I45 which is fixedly secured to the drawing board and which carries the standard scale, not shown, of all conventional protractors. A suitable block carrying a Vernier scale I46 is fastened to the turn-table I44 adjacent to the inner edge of the protractor ring I45 in order that precise measurements can be taken for making drawings on the sheet of drafting paper I50.

In the present modification of my invention a mechanical pencil I5I is mounted on the end of cabinet arm I25a, opposite to the end of the cabinet carrying the pin I35a for enabling a user of the machine to draw the pencil along the edge of the tongue I25 of the T-square in making desired lines on the underlying sheet of drafting paper. The pencil I5I is of the conventional type and is carried in a barrel I52 adjustably mounted in a sleeve I53 which, in turn, is mounted for rotation by means of ball bearings I54 in a depending bracket I 56 on the cabinet I26. -The clear that the measuring discs I29 and I 4| afford accurate and automatic measurements between center points and lines as the T-square I24 is moved and as the arm I25a carrying pencil I5I is moved.

It is to be understood that the appended claims are to be accorded a range of equivalents commensurate in scope with the advance made over the prior art.

I claim:

1. In a lay-out machine for precision production of tools or devices as well as the making of Working drawings, a base including means for detachably fastening the machine to a Workpiece or a drawing board; said base having a transverse groove and transverse recess therein, a rack mounted in said groove, a T-square comprising -a head and a tongue; said head being slidably mounted in said recess, a housing de-,

pending from said tongue, a pin journaled in said housing, a gear carried on said pin in meshing engagement with said rack, and a measuring disc mounted on said pin for measuring the linear distance moved by said T-square as it is moved slidably in said recess. 2. In a lay-out machine for precision production of tools or devices as well as the making of working drawings, a base including means for detachably fastening the same to a work-piece or to a drawing board; said base having a transverse groove and a transverse recess therein, a

T-square comprising a head and a tongue having a longitudinal recess and also a longitudinal groove therein; means on said head for slidably mounting said T-square in said transverse recess of said base, a first rack secured to said base with- 11' in said transverse groove, a first pin journaled in said tongue, a first gear on said first pin in meshing engagement with said first rack, a turntable holder slidably mounted in the recess of said tongue, a second rack mounted in said groove of said tongue, 9. second pin journaled in said tongue, at second gear on said second pin in meshing engagement with said second rack, a turntable rotatably mounted on said turn-table holder, a caliper frame securely mounted on said tum-table; said. caliper frame having a, channel as well as a chamber therein, third and fourth racks mounted in said channel of said frame, a third pin journaled insaidiframe and extendin into the thereofl-apair of calipers movb vinountedoii said frame, a third gear on said third' pinrin meshing engagement with said third and fourth racks, and measuring discs on said first, second and third pins for automatically measuring the linear distances travelled by said T-square, said turn-table holder and said pair of calipers as movements thereof are made.

3. In a lay-out machine of the character described, a turn-table holder, a tum-table mounted for rotation in said holder, a caliper frame secure- 1y mounted on said turn-table, a, pair of caliper strips slidably mounted in said frame, a pin journaled in said frame, 'a rack mounted on each of said strips, a gear carried by said pin in meshing engagement with said racks, and a measuring disc on said pin for automatically measuring the linear distances moved injboth directions by each of said pair of caliper strips as they are moved.

EDWIN D. BROWNING. 

